Eskimo dog

Other names

Canadian Eskimo Dog, Canadian Eskimo Dog, Qimmiq

Origin & history

The Eskimo Dog, or Canadian Eskimo Dog, is one of the oldest and most robust sled dog breeds in the world. Bred thousands of years ago by the Inuit people of the Canadian Arctic, it played a vital role in their survival in the harsh Arctic conditions.

These dogs were used to pull sleds, guard camps, and sometimes even hunt seals and polar bears. They were not only working animals but also loyal companions that were part of Inuit daily life.

In the 20th century, the breed nearly became extinct due to the rise of snowmobiles and crossbreeding with other breeds. However, thanks to breeding programs in the 1970s, the Inuit Dog was rescued. Today, it remains a rare but culturally significant symbol of Canada's Arctic history.

Appearance & body shape

The Eskimo Dog is a large, powerful, and muscular dog with a thick double coat that protects it from extreme cold. Its appearance combines the elegance of an Arctic dog with the strength of a working dog.

The coat is thick, rough on the outside and soft on the inside, and comes in colors such as white, black, red, gray, or cream, often with symmetrical markings. The tail is thick and curls over the back, and the ears are triangular and erect.

Its body is compact, with a broad chest and sturdy legs — built for strength, endurance, and balance on snow and ice.

Format

Males: 58–70 cm height at the withers, 30–40 kg
Bitches: 50–60 cm height at the withers, 18–30 kg

Character & temperament

The Eskimo Dog is courageous, intelligent, and incredibly dedicated. It is naturally hard-working and has a strong pack instinct. Its temperament is energetic, alert, and confident, with a clear need for leadership and direction.

At home, he is loyal, gentle, and often affectionate toward his family, but also independent-minded. He is accustomed to working together within a group and forms a strong bond with his "pack"—both humans and animals.

The Eskimo Dog isn't for everyone: it's strong-willed, energetic, and requires an owner with experience, patience, and consistency. With the right guidance, it's a reliable, honest, and courageous dog.

Good with children and other pets

The Eskimo Dog gets along well with respectful children. It's loyal and protective, but its strength and playful energy make supervision important around young children.

He generally gets along well with other dogs, especially within a pack structure. Outside of that context, however, he can exhibit dominant behavior—especially toward dogs of the same sex.

Small pets, such as cats or rabbits, can trigger its hunting instincts, so caution and socialization are essential. In experienced hands, the Inuit Dog will grow into a loyal family companion with a big heart and primal instincts.

Movement & care

The Eskimo Dog is a powerful and active dog that needs plenty of exercise and mental stimulation. It's not suited to a sedentary lifestyle; long walks, draft work, sled training, or bicycle training will keep it balanced.

Its thick coat requires regular grooming: weekly brushing helps remove loose hair, especially during shedding. In warm climates, it should be kept cool—it thrives in colder conditions.

The Eskimo Dog thrives when it has a task; without work or challenge, it can become bored or exhibit destructive behavior.

Health

The Eskimo Dog is a strong and tough breed, with a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years.

Some health concerns include:

Hip dysplasia (HD)
Arthritis in later life
Overheating in hot weather
Stomach torsion (bloat) with large meals

Regular exercise, a balanced diet and a cool climate are essential for his well-being.

Difference with similar breeds

The Inuit Dog is often compared to the Alaskan Malamute and the Siberian Husky, but is stronger, more heavily built, and bred for endurance, not speed.

While the Husky is more playful and sociable, the Eskimo Dog is more independent and focused on work and structure. He's less of a "house dog" and more of a primal dog—loyal, hardworking, and with an unbreakable spirit.

Summary

The Inuit Dog is a proud, incredibly strong, and loyal polar dog—a living piece of Arctic history. It's loyal, intelligent, and full of energy, but requires an experienced owner who understands its instincts.

For those who love adventure, nature and dogs with character, the Eskimo Dog is a unique companion: majestic, devoted and tenacious.